【does的用法及句型】在英语学习中,"does" 是一个非常常见的助动词,主要用于构成一般现在时的第三人称单数(he, she, it)的疑问句和否定句。掌握 "does" 的用法对于正确使用英语句子至关重要。以下是对 "does" 的用法及常见句型的总结。
一、基本用法
“Does” 是 “do” 的第三人称单数形式,用于构成一般现在时的疑问句和否定句,特别是在主语为 he, she, it 或单数名词时。
1. 疑问句结构:
Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
- Does he like apples?
- Does she go to school by bus?
- Does it rain often in summer?
2. 否定句结构:
Subject + does not (doesn't) + 动词原形 + ...
- He doesn’t like coffee.
- She doesn’t play football.
- It doesn’t work.
二、常见句型总结
| 句型类型 | 结构 | 举例 |
| 一般疑问句 | Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...? | Does he study English? |
| 否定句 | 主语 + doesn't/do not + 动词原形 | She doesn't go to the park. |
| 特殊疑问句 | Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...? | Does it take you long to finish homework? |
| 反意疑问句 | Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...? | He likes basketball, doesn't he? |
三、注意事项
1. 主谓一致:当主语是第三人称单数时,必须使用 “does”,而不是 “do”。
- 正确:Does she speak French?
- 错误:Do she speak French?
2. 动词原形:在疑问句和否定句中,动词必须使用原形(不加 -s 或 -es)。
- 正确:Does he go to school?
- 错误:Does he goes to school?
3. 回答方式:
- Yes, he does.
- No, he doesn’t.
四、与“do”的区别
| 项目 | does | do |
| 使用对象 | he, she, it | I, you, we, they |
| 一般疑问句 | Does + 主语 + 动词原形 | Do + 主语 + 动词原形 |
| 否定句 | 主语 + doesn't + 动词原形 | 主语 + don't + 动词原形 |
五、实际应用示例
| 场景 | 句子 |
| 询问习惯 | Does your brother exercise every day? |
| 否定行为 | They don’t understand this lesson. |
| 反问确认 | You like pizza, don’t you? |
| 提问时间 | Does it take you long to get here? |
通过以上内容的整理,可以更清晰地理解 “does” 的用法及其在不同句型中的表现。掌握这些基本规则,有助于提高英语表达的准确性和自然性。


